Combined type-writing and computing machine.



F. A. HART.

. COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLlOATlQN FILED FEB. 23. l9l6.

Patented Oct. 29, 1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

I INVENTOR @Mc 4% $414 W TN 5555 N wE WQW COMBINED TYPE WRITING ANDCOMPUTING MACHINE.

HART.

APPLICATWN FiLED FEB. 23. \Jtj.

Patented Oct. 25], HHH,

2 SHEEIS SHEET 2.

a gl i l a II ll I. |I.\l J tttttt 1 mm H UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK HART, 0F NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR T0 UNDERWOOD COMPUT- INGMACHINE COMPANY. OF NEW YORK, N. L, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

COMBINED TYPE-WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

Application filed February 23, 1916.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK A. IIAirr, a citizen of the United States.residing in Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, haveinvented certain new and useful Iinproven'ients in CombinedType-VVriting and Computing Machines, of which the following is aspecification.

Thi invention relates to computing machines, and is herein disclosed asapplied to a combined typewriting and computing machine of the typeshown in the patent to Hanson, 816,319, patented March 27. 1906, and inmy Patent 1,188,933, patented June 27, 1916. I

In such machines it has been found advantageous to provide connectionssuch that the pointing otl' between the figures. as between dollars andcents, and between hundreds and thousands, etc., may be done in theregular course of writing numbers. The actual pointing oif, however.involves the operation of comma or period keys at inter vals during thewriting of numbers, and consequently the depression of said comma andperiod keys is likely to be overlooked or to be effected at the wrongplace. In the writing, however, of printed numbers such as a typewriterprints. the mechanical connections automatically ctfect the printing ofsuch numbers in vertical lines. irrespective of printing in the pointingotl' spacings, and in actual practice it found that the printing in ofcommas and periods is unnecessary in most of the work for which suchcomputing machines are used, just as such pointing ott' is unnecessaryin ordil'iary bookkeeping in which the bookkeeper keeps the decimalposition of the digits by writing said digits between ruled lines, andas a matter of practice, usually omits comn-ias and periods.

The present invention is adapted to relieve the operative of thenecessity of printing said commas and periods. and at the same-timeprovide automatically for whatever spacing may be desired. withoutcompelling the operative to effect said spacing either by the operationof a printing key or the operation of a space bar. To do this, I havefound it advantageous to modifv the escapement mechanism and provide fora double letter-feeding of the typewriter carriage in printing the digitimmediately to the left hand of the pointing-0H space. I

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 29, 1918.

Serial No. 79,969.

have found it possible to do this in such a manner that the speed ofoperation of the machine need not be reduced at all. and to accomplishthi effectively I have found it advantagtmus to provide an escipement'inwhich the usual. loose and "fixed"typewriter escapement dogs areprovided, but Lhave found it possible to introduce means whereby, in theproper letter spaces in the computing zone, the loose dog. of thetypewriter will selectively have suflicient additional throw to feedthe. typewriter carriage the required two letter spaces at asingleopera- 'tion, and yet always have the positive condevice connectedwith the computing mechanism in such a way that at the properpointing-01f places said denomination-selecting device will cause saidmember to modify the action of the loose dog of the typewriter. In the.I nderwood-Hanson machine I have found it advantageous to utilize thecolumn stop which is usually placed to correspond to the denominationselecting dog for operating said member. In order toenable this columnstop to effect such an operation while at the same time providing thatother column stops shall not be effected thus, a tail may be provided onthe column stop which is to control the typewriter loose dog, said tailbeing absent from the other column stops.

In order to decrease the number of possibilities of error bythe'operative, I have found it advantageous to provide that thetypewriter carriage shall be arrested by the decimal tabulatiugmechanism only at denominations where numbers are to be written in. andto obtain this. result I have found it merely necessary to omit certainof the usual l nt'lerwood decimal stop plungers. This last modificationapplies primarily to .ma chines in which the same kind of computation isdone in every computing zone; and in some cases, as where a machine isused for con'i niting on one register in dollars and cents, and anotherin units, tens, huni U U dreds and thousands only, such modification ofthe decimal tabulator mechanism may be found inadvisable.

Other features and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the accompanying drawings,

Figure l is a transverse vertical section of the mechine, some of thepartsbeing broken away and others omitted.

Fig. 2 is a detail front elevation of the upper portion of the tabulatorsto bracket, showing part of the means for s ipping a space.

Fig. 3 is a skeleton perspective view, showing the toothed bailconnected to a shiftable stop member with which a loose do of theescapement cooperates at different times for effecting a single ordouble space movement of the typewriter carriage.

Fig. 4 is a detail front elevation showing the arrangement and spacingof the selecting jacks and their corresponding thrust rod.

Fig. 5 shows the arrangement and spacing of the register wheels as seenthrough the sight opening.

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary front elevation of the typewriter esca ement andshows the parts set for single fetter spacing.

Fig. 7 is a similar view with the. escapement dogs rocked rearwardly.

Fig. 8 is similar to Fi 7, except that the escapement is set for dou lespace.

Fig. 9 is a detail sectional plan view taken 1 on the line 99 of Fi 6,and show the mounting for the shifta 1e stop member of the escapement.

The typewriting machine is of the usual Underwood construction, in whichnumeral keys 21 and alphabet keys 22, when dopressed, cause key levers23 to swing about the fulcrum 24, rocking the bell crank levers 25, toswing the type-bars 27 pivoted at 28 upwardly and rearwardly causing thetypes 29 to print against a cylindrical platen 30, rotatably mounted onthe typewriter carriage 31.

The typewriter carriage 31 is under constant tension of a spring drum 32which tends to move the carriage from right to left. For feeding thetypewriter carriage letter-space distances, it. is provided with a rack34 which meshes with the pinion 35 to rotate an escapement Wheel 36connected to said escapement wheel by the usual pawl.

This escapement wheel coiiperates with a loose dog 38 and a fixed dog 37mounted on the dog carrying frame or rocker 39.

The typewriter escapement, except the double spacing feature hereindescribed, is

in many respects like that disclosed in Pat-' cut 7 69.804, to Rice, atal;, and operates in the following manner:

Heels 40 on type-bars 27, as the type-bars rise, strike a curveduniversal bar 42 pressing it back against the tension of the usualspring 42 to rock the dog rocker 39 rearwardly against the tension of aspring 43, moving the fixed dog 37 into the path of the teeth 44 of theescapement wheel 36, and releasing said escapement wheel from the loosedog 38. The loose dog 38 immediately swings past the tooth 44under theinfluence of the spring 43 against a lug 45 of the stop member 46. Theescapement mechanism is brought back to normal position, as indicated inFig. 6, on the down stroke of the type-bars. To do this, the spring 43moves the fixed dog 37, clear of the escapement wheel, thus allowing theadjacent tooth 44 of the escapement wheel to engage with the loose dog38, with the result that the tension of the carriage spring causes theescapement wheel to carry the loose dog back to normal position againstthe fixed stop 47 on the dog rocker 39, so that the said loose dog againholds the typewriter carriage.

The stop member 46 is pivotally mounted on a stud 49 rigidly secured tothe escapement bracket and held thereon by nuts 50.

To efiect the double space movements at predetermined positions of thetypewriter carriage, I have provided means for shifting the'stop member46, so as to vary the throw of the loose dog 38. In order to vary thethrow of the loose dog 38, the edge of the stop member 46 is turned u atone point to form a second extra feed ug or stop 54, and when this lug54 is in effective position the freeing of the loose dog on the rearwardmovement of the universal bar will cause the dog to be drawn back by itsspring 43 to the next tooth 44 but one of the escapement wheel 36, withthe result that the return or forward stroke of the universal bar 42 anddog rocker 39 will feed the carriage two letter-spaces, because theescapement wheel will carry the loose dog 38 along two teeth beforebeing arrested thereby.

This shifting of the stop member 46 1s brought about by a bail 51 whichis carried on pivot screws 52 and is connected by av link 53 to bringthe stop 54 into position to permit this extra drawin back of the loosedog 38. Said bail is provided with cams 55, which are engaged by theextra long tail 56 of the tabulator stop 56, when the carriage movestransversely of the machine, said stop bein mounted as usual on a stopbar 57 carrier by the typewriter carriage.

The cams 55 are set at distances apart corresponding to theletter-spaces used for pointing off between numbers with the re sultthat in writing numbers the typewriter carriage will automatically jumpacross the pointing-off spaces. even though the numeral keys aredepressed as if to write the number without pointing otf,it being as- Vof thousands position of the number being written, the carriage with itstabulator stop advances a letter-space distance to thensands positionand engages with one of the cams or tappets on the bail 51, thusswinging the latter to shift the stop-carrying member 46 to bring theextra feed lug 54 into active position, so that while the escapementdogs at this time have the position shown in Fig. 6, the stop-carryingmember 46 is in the position shown in Fig. 8.

The next digit is the one written in thousands column. When the ty e-baris swung up to print in the thousan s position, the dog rocker 39 isrocked, causing the loose dog 38 to become disengaged from the es?capement wheel, and allowing it to be moved back the space. of twoescapement Wheel teeth to the position shown in Fi 8 under the influenceof its spring 43, w ere it is arrested by the stop 54.. On the returnstroke of the type-bar, when the dog rocker comes back to normalposition, the loose dog 38 will be brought into the path of theadjoining oncoming tooth of the escapement wheel, viz., one toothfarther back than normal. This tooth carries the dog back to normalposition against the fixed stop 47 of the dog-carrying member, and owingto the fact that the dog started one tooth farther back than normal, theescapement wheel is only arrested by the dog after traveling one toothfarther than normal; in other words, the carriage is fed an extraletter-space.

The loose dog 38 is provided with a notch 59, to provide for the freemovement of the dog which otherwise might strike the side of theintervening tooth 44 on the escapementwheel when the dog rocker 39 isreturning to normal position, in giving the carriage the double letterfeed shown in Fig. 8.

To return the bail 51 and dog 41 to normal position, there is a springcoiled about one of the pivot screws 52, one end being fastened to thebail 51, and the other end being held by a bracket 61 to which said bailis pivoted.

The bracket 61 is adjustably mounted on threaded rods fast on thetabulator plunger bracket 63, for the purpose of adjusting the cams 55,so that they cooperate with the .tabulator stop at the proper timeduring the travel of the typewriter carriage. After said cams have beenproperly adjusted, the bracket 61 is permanently secured to thetabulator plunger bracket by means of lock nuts 64 and 65.

The tabulator is'of the re ular Underwood construction in which t edepression of any key swiugsits lever 71 to move the upper end of itsplunger 72 into the path of the tabulator stop 56 on the typewriter carriage, said typewriter carriage being released in the regular way by theplunger 72,

causing the short universal bar 73 to swing about a pivot 74 and rockthe carriage release lever 75 which by the usual roll lifts the rack bar34 pivoted to the typewriter carriage, the link 76 forming a connectionbetween the'universal bar 7 3 and the release lever 75.

For the purpose of making the computing mechanism effective when thetypewriter carriage reaches a computing zone, there is mounted on thetypewriter carriage the usual adjustable denomination selecting tappet81 which rocks a series of jacks 82, one at a timeyto move a thrust rod83 downwardly, which swings a bell crank 84 about a fulcrum 85,causing'one of the linkages 86 to raise one of the computing bars 87, sothat the pins88 are brought into-cooperative'relation with the linkages89.

To set a pin 88 on the computing slide after it has been raised, thereis a stem 90 on each number key 21 which, when depressed, rocks a shaft91 by means of a rock arm 92, thus causing the corresponding linkage 89to depress one of the pins 88, so that the lower 90 end thereof willenable its computation bar to be driven at the proper time by thehorizontal bar 93, forming part of the general operator 94.

The computation is then completed on the 95 computing wheels 98.substantially in the manner described in the said Hanson Patent 816.319,patented March 27, 1906.

The stop member 46, it will be observed, is provided with a longextension 99 form- 100 ing a journal which encircles a long stub shaftprojecting from the bracket on which thedog rocker is journaled, thusforming an adequate bearing for the stop member 46 on which it is heldby the end locked nuts 100. The link 53 is connected to an arm' 101 ofsaid stop member which lies close to said bracket. and the stops. 45 and54 of said memberare connected to the journal extension by a doubleelbow 102.

By an inspection of Fig. 3 it will be seen that certain tabulatorplungers, ordinarily used for punctuation positioning in a column ofnumbers, are omitted. so that there is only one tabulator key for cents,since units of cents are always written with a zero in the tens place.The operative is thereforeunable to arrest the typewriter carriage at apoint where it is improper to write a number.

The jacks S4 and their respective thrust; rods 83 are omitted atpunctuation points asshown in Fig. 4, so as to make effective the pinsetting only when a denominational position in a column of figures isreached. 325 The register or computing wheels 98 are equally spaced withrelation to each other, as shown in Fig. Thus my invention providesmeans whereby registers of uniform construction may be utilized for com-130 puting numbers however pointed off, and since the jacks 82 may beshifted to the punctuation points. and the rods 83 variably adjusted asdescribed in my aforesaid patent by the simple expedient of inserting anew bail 57, I can alter the punctuation spacing in a machine withoutaltering the register, while at all times the machine is an ordinarytypewriting machine outside of a computing zone. 'labulating stops ot'the ordinary kind may be employed for locating the carriage outside ofthe computing zone, these stops being substantially identical with thestop 56 but lacking the tail, or the stop 56 may be provided with avtail on one prong only. with the result that said. stop may be utilizedeither in typewriting only, or for computing purposes, by merelyinverting it.

I In order to provide for the proper arresting of the typewritercarriage in a tabulating operation, the stop If) is out of the path ofthe loose dog 38 unless said dog is rocked back by the dog rocker. butturned up edge 54 ot' the dog stop is long enough to always lie in thepath of the pin 54 on the loose dog 38, with the result that when thecarriage is released from the escapment mechanism by depressing atabulator key. the loose dog is drawn by its spring so that it turns theescapemeut wheel back two teeth. viz., till the pin 54 strikes the edge54. Then on releasing the tabulation key, the loose dog receives the*arriage from the stop 56. and lets the carriage step forward about twoletter spaces. This stepping forward is offsetby positioning thetabulator stop 56 properly on the carriage relatively to the plungers72. In practice this may be conveniently done by adjusting the scaleused for locating the column stops at), so that the final position ofthe carriage when released from its tabulator stop will agree with theproper position of the denomination selector tappet 81 relatively to.its scale, and with the usual front scale of the typewriter.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of the invention, andportions of the improvements may be used without others.

Having thus described my invention, I claim: v

1. In a combined typewriting and computing machine, the combination witha totalizer having equally-spaced wheels, of type-writing mechanismincluding a traveling typewriter carriage for determining how numbersshall be printed by said typewriting mechanism, means for causing saidcarriage to select the wheels in which computation shall be effected,and means for causing said carriage at predetermined letter-spaces tomake a two-letter-space movement to represent a punctuation space in acomputation, the connections being such that said carriage in makingsaid two-letter-space movement selects the wheel adj acent to the onejust previously selected.

2. In a combined typewriting and computing machine. the combination withcomputing mechanism, of a typewriter carriage, a denomination selectorfor said mechanism settable on said carriage, typewriter print-' ingkeys adapted to compute in said mechanism. reciprocating escapementdevices operated by said keys to cause the carriage to feed letter-spacedistances, and means adapted to be set on said typewriter carriage inalinement with the denomination selector to cause said escapementdevices to feed said carriage two-letter spaces at a single operation ofone of said keys.

3. In a combined typewriting and computing machine, the combination withcomputing mechanism, of a typewriter carriage, a denomination selectorfor said mechanism settable on said carriage, typewriter printing keysadapted to compute in said mechanism. reciprocating cscapement devicesoperated by said keys to cause the carriage to feed letter-spacedistances, and a tabulator stop adapted to be set in alinement with saidselector for positioning said carriage, said stop including means forcausing said typewriter carriage to be fed two letterspaces by saidescapemcnt devices at a single operation of one of said keys.

4. In a combined typcwriting and computing machine. the combination withcomputing mechanism including a denomination selector and computingwheels, of a typewriter ca rriage for causing said selector to beetiective to select said wheels, a tabulating stop adapted to 'bepositioned to bring said carriage to rest at a point where said selectorwill be effective to select said wheels, typewriter printing keysadapted to compute in said mechanism in denominations selected by saidselector, reciprocating escapementdevices operated by said keys to causethe carriage to feed letter-space distances, connections from saidescapement devices, and an extension of said stop adapted to ope atesaid connections, to cause said escapement devices to feed saidcarriage.

two letter-spaces at a single operation of one of said keys.

In a combined typewriting and computing machine, the combination withcomputing wheels and a typewriter carriage, of connections includingunequally-spaced jacks, whereby said carriage is adapted to select saidwheels, a denomination selector carried by said carriage for operatingsaid jacks to efl'ect said selection, typewriter numeral keys adapted todetermine how far said computing wheels shall turn, andconneetionswhereby said keys cause said carriage to select adjacentjacks at any operation of said keys.

6. In a. combined typewriting and computing machine, the combinationwith computing wheels and numeral keys, of a typewriter carriage, adenominational selector for said wheels settable on said carriage, jackson which said selector is effective to select said wheels, certain ofsaid jacks being at the normal spacing of one letterspace apart, othersbeing two letter-spaces apart, escapement devices for said carriageadapted to normally feed said carriage one letter-space at *achde1in'ession of a numeral ke between norinallv-spaced jacks. andconnections whereby said carriage is fed by said escapement devices twosteps at a time between jacks spaced two spaces apart.

7. In a combined tvpewriting and computing machine, the combination withcomputing wheels and numeral keys, of a typewriter carriage, adenomination selector for said wheels settable on said carriage, spacedjacks 011 which said selector is effective to select said wheels,certain jacks being spaced two letter-spaces apart. others being spacedthe normal one letter-space apart, escapement devices for said carriageadapted to normally feed said carriage one letterspace at eachdepression of a numeral key, a. tabulating stop adapted to be set onsaid carriage in aliuemcnt with said denomination selector, andconnections whereby said stop is adapted to control said escapementdevices, to cause said devices to feed said carriage two letter-spacesbetween jacks spaced two letter-spaces apart, and permit said carriageto feed single letter-spaces between normall v-spaced 'jacks.

8. In a combined typewriting and computing machine, the combination withcomputing wheels, of a typewriter carriage, a denomination selector forsaid wheels settable on said carriage, spaced jacks on which saidselector is effective to select said wheels, certain jacks being, spacedtwo letterspaces apart. others being spaced the normal one letter-spaceapart, escapement devices for said carriage adapted to normally feedsaid carriage one letter-space at each depression of a numeral key, atabulating stop settable on said carriage in alinement with saiddenominational selector, a bail adjacent the line of travel of saidstep, tappets on said bail, and an extension on said stop Copies 0! thispatent may be obtained for adapted to operate said bail by said tappets,to cause said escapement devices to feed said carriage twoletter-spaces, said tappets being so located that they cause thetypewriter carriage to feed single letter-spaces betweennorn1allv-spaeed jacks, and double letter-spaces between said jacksspaced double letter-spaces apart.

9. In a combined tvpewriting and computing machine. the combination witha totalizer having eqiuilly-s 'niced wheels, of typewriting mechanismincluding a traveling typewriter carriage for determining where numbersshall be printed by said tvpewriting mechanism. means including jacksand a denomination selector for causing said carriageto select thewheels in which computation shall be effected, a tabulating stop forpositioning said carriz'ige, and means operated b said stop for causingsaid carriage at predetermined letter-spaces to make a two letter-spacemovement to represent a punctuation space in a computation. theconnections between the jacks and wheels being such that said carriagein making a two letter-space movement selects the wheel adjacent to theone previously selected.

10, In a combined typewriting and computing machine, the combinationwith a traveling carriage and a denomination selector settable thereon,of equally-spaced computing wheels adapted to be selected by saidselector, according to the position of said carriage, tabulating stopsfor positioning said carriage, unequally-spaced jacks whereby saidselector selects said wheels, an escapement device for said carriageadapted to feed the carriage single letter-space intervals, aconnectionwhereby said escapement device may-feed the carriage twoletter-space intervals, one of said tabulating stops in alinement withsaid selector, comprising a tail adapted to operate said lastnamedconnection. to cause a two letterspace feeding, and another tabulatingstop adapted to be set out of alinement with said selector and alwaysineffective on said lastnamed device.

FREDERICK A. HART.

Witnesses:

ARTHUR A. JoHNsoN, EDITH B. LIBBEY.

five cents each, by addressing the Gommhlioner o! lntentl, Washington,D. 0."

